Wei
Jingsheng Foundation News and Article Release Issue: A572-W340
魏京生基金会新闻与文章发布号： A572-W340
Release
Date: October 3, 2010
发布日：2010年10月3日
Topic:
The Way Out for China (Part XXVI): Today's Primitive Form of Capitalism in
China -- by Wei Jingsheng
标题： 《中国的出路》之二十六：中国的早期资本主义现况 - 魏京生
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The
Way Out for China (Part XXVI): Today's Primitive Form of Capitalism in China
--
by Wei Jingsheng
We
have talked about the Sino-US trade imbalance. It not only damages the interests of the United States,
causing the economic crisis in recent years; but also greatly harms the
interests of the Chinese working class, meanwhile limiting the development of
the Chinese market. It hampers
China's own economic development, leaving China's economy in an unreasonable
deformed state.
On
the one hand, China's industrial processing capacity greatly exceeds the need
of the Chinese market which is under-developed. Sales of Chinese industrial products has to rely on the U.S.
market, and, in this state, economic growth has to rely on the U.S.
market. On the other hand, the
Chinese government and big businesses of both China and the U.S. control
international trade. In order to
maintain the market gap between the two countries and maintain cheap labor,
China cannot provide a related balanced market share, resulting in the huge
U.S. trade deficit year after year and this economic crisis.
Some
will say: this phenomenon is
inevitable. In the past, Japan and
other countries also traveled the same path in order to develop. Half of these words are right: the Japanese did take this development
strategy back then, and indeed rapidly accumulated large amounts of capital for
the large Japanese financial consortia.
However, as the Americans could not stand the exploitation of the U.S.
market by Japan, Japanese society could not tolerate wealth and power
increasingly concentrated in a few hands while people were still in
poverty. Starting from the
nineteen seventies, the Japanese gradually changed the development strategy by
expanding their domestic market, walking towards a normal path of a balanced
development.
Today,
Japan and Germany are still countries with foreign trade surpluses, but their
surpluses in proportion to foreign trade volume are not so high. And, their people's incomes are also
normal when compared with other countries such as the United States and other
European countries. This
evaluation shows that their surpluses are due to the advantages of technology
and management, which are the normal, legitimate advantages. Their development is sustainable. In other words, economic development
leads to the well being of the people, not just to the profit of a small number
of capitalists. Technically, the
European and Japanese models should not be called capitalism; truly they are
the real socialism. It is only
because the reputation of the word socialism has been spoiled by the former
Soviet Union and the Communist Party of China, that Americans do not want get
stained by this reputation.
In
comparison, China and the Soviet Union claimed to be socialist, even to the
degree one could be executed if you were against this socialism; yet, their
Communist systems were never systems of socialism. The early implementation of the Soviet system was a mixture
of state capitalism and feudal serfdom.
The country owned all the production capital. Since its production activities had the main purpose of the
growth of the national capital, it should be called state capitalism. Their management of the people was a statewide
feudal serfdom. People were only
the serfs of the Communist Party at all levels. Their consumption was distributed by the serf owners,
without personal freedom or economic and political rights. If this system were also called
socialism, I would only say that it is a feudal socialism, "the highest
development stage" of the feudal serfdom.
After
the complete fall of feudal socialism in China, a group of Chinese Communists
represented by Deng Xiaoping had to reform and open up the country for economic
development. Otherwise, as a
society with a commodity economy since ancient times, China could become the
first country to overthrow feudal socialism. That is because in China's traditional culture it is
difficult to change freedmen into serfs, and it is difficult to accept an
establishment of feudal socialism based on historical European serfdom. Therefore, Deng Xiaoping's choice to
take the capitalist road won unanimous support across the country. People thought that Deng Xiaoping and
the Chinese Communist Party would follow the traditional system, or the more
advanced modern Western system.
Deng Xiaoping's slogan of willing people's support was modernization.
However,
Deng Xiaoping was really taking the road of capitalism, or to be exact, the
earlier form of pure capitalism which had already proven to be a failure. Its objective of development took
capital accumulation as the ultimate standard. To forcefully reduce the value of the domestic currency and
drive down the price of labor, to use the normal international market price for
excess profits, became the essential national policy for the Communist clique
under Deng Xiaoping. This policy
was "the last word"-- who dared to oppose it would be buried, even
for the Secretary-General of the Communist Party.
This
national policy of pure capitalism cannot be achieved in a democratic
system. Its necessary conditions
are to suppress the opposition of the workers and meanwhile control finance by
making unfair price differences.
These conditions are difficult to achieve in a democracy. Therefore, this pure capitalism of the
Communist Party is what the capitalists of the world love most. Only now, these capitalists have discovered
that the Chinese Communist Party is more suitable for capitalism than the Nazis
and the feudal monarchs. The
Communist Party is their natural ally.
That is why the Chinese Communist Party also has timely published its
theory of Three Representatives (one of them was the capitalists). They must publicly declare themselves
representing the interests on behalf of the capitalists, or else they would
lose their main social base.
Besides these capitalists and fools who have water in their brains, who
would support a regime that would exploit people across the country?
However,
this pure capitalist road proved to be a dead end even more than 200 years
ago. Democratic politics and
socialist theory were only built up after that proof. This pure capitalism only takes care of the minority
interests instead of the majority.
In making a small portion of people better off, it produced poverty for
the majority. Such capitalism
could make economic development achieve the highest speed, yet the huge gap
between rich and poor results in social consumption lagging far behind the
growth of production capacity. The
imbalance of production and consumption is the modern day reason for economic
crisis and wars against foreign countries, as well as the modern day reason for
internal revolution.
In
order to suppress the tendency of capitalist extremism under the market
economy, people invented socialist economic policies under the protection of a
democratic system to maintain the balance between production and
consumption. This form of
socialism (also called "regulation") is the modern human invention in
an effort to avoid economic crisis, foreign wars, and internal
revolutions. For China to walk on
the path of sustainable development, for the Chinese people to be able to share
the fruits of economic development, we must not just let a few capitalists dominate
the regime. We must take the road
to democracy. Real modernization,
including economic, technological, all other modernization, has its premise in
democratization. For centuries
now, the experience of history has proved that without a democratic economy and
development of technology, we will not have a modern life; instead, we will
have the gap between rich and poor, market shortages, revolution, or external
war. In short, people will be
suffering, instead of being happy.
Chinese
Communists have already brought this kind of suffering to the Western
democratic society. The U.S.
Congress is taking measures to pass legislation to curb this adverse
current. We the Chinese should
also do our own share for our own development and happiness, for this is an
affair of our own.
To
hear Mr. Wei Jingsheng's commentary, please visit:
http://www.weijingsheng.org/RFA/RFA2010/WeiJS101001ChinaWayOut26CapitalistChina.mp3
(Written
and recorded on October 1, 2010.
Broadcasted by Radio Free Asia.)
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中文版
Wei
Jingsheng Foundation News and Article Release Issue: A572-W340
魏京生基金会新闻与文章发布号： A572-W340
Release
Date: October 3, 2010
发布日：2010年10月3日
Topic:
The Way Out for China (Part XXVI): Today's Early Primitive of Capitalism in
China -- by Wei Jingsheng
标题： 《中国的出路》之二十六：中国的早期资本主义现况 - 魏京生
Original
Language Version: Chinese (Chinese version at the end)
此号以中文为准（英文在前，中文在后）
如有中文乱码问题，请与我们联系或访问:
http://www.weijingsheng.org/report/report2010/report2010-10/WeiJS101003ChinaWayOut26CapitalistChinaA572-W340.htm
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《中国的出路》之二十六：中国的早期资本主义现况
-- 魏京生
我们已谈到了中美贸易的不平衡。它不仅损害了美国的利益，造成了最近几年的经济危机；而且大大损害了中国工薪阶层的利益，同时限制了中国市场的发展。它阻碍着中国自身经济的发展，使得中国的经济一直处于一种不合理的畸形状态。
一方面，中国的工业加工能力大大超过了发育不良的中国市场的需求。中国的工业产品的销售不得不依靠美国市场，也就是经济增长不得不依靠美国市场。而另一方面，中国政府和中美两国的大企业控制着国际贸易。为了维持中美两国间的市场落差，为了维持廉价劳动力，而造成了中国不能向美国提供相对平衡的市场份额，造成了美中贸易连年的巨额逆差，造成了本次的经济危机。
有人会说：这是不可避免的现象，日本等国当年为了发展也走过同样的道路。这话有一半是对的，当年日本确实采取过这种发展策略，也确实为日本的大财团迅速积累了资金。然而，在美国人不能忍受日本剥削美国的市场的同时，日本社会也不能忍受人民贫穷而财富和权力逐渐集中在少数人手里。从七十年代开始，日本逐渐改变发展战略扩大国内市场，走向了平衡发展的正常道路。
现在的日本和德国虽然仍然是外贸顺差国，但是顺差在整个外贸额中所占的比例不大。而且它们国民的收入也很高，和美国、欧洲其它国家的收入相比处于不高不低的正常状况。这就说明它们的顺差是由于技术和管理方面的优势，也就是正常的优势。他们的发展，走在正常的可持续发展的道路上。换句话说，经济发展是为了人民的福祉，不是仅仅为了少数资本家获利。所以那不应该叫做资本主义，那才是真正的社会主义。只不过社会主义的名声被苏联和中国的共产党搞坏了，人们不愿意沾上这个坏名声，不愿意承认自己是社会主义。
相比较，中国和苏联虽然自称是社会主义，以致于你反对这个社会主义甚至会被枪毙；但他们这种共产党的体制，从来也不是什么社会主义的体制。在早期实行的苏联体制，是国家资本主义和封建农奴制的混合体制。国家占有了全部的生产资本，它的生产活动是以增长国家的资本为主要目的，所以应该称它为国家资本主义。对人的管理就是全国一盘棋的封建农奴制。人民只不过是各级共产党组织的农奴，所有消费靠农奴主的分配，没有人身自由，没有经济权利和政治权利。如果说这也叫社会主义，那也只能说这是封建社会主义。是封建农奴制的“最高发展阶段”。
在封建社会主义彻底垮台之后，以邓小平为代表的一批中国共产党人不得不改革开放，发展经济。否则以中国这样的自古以来就是商品经济的社会，可能会成为最早推翻封建社会主义的国家。因为中国的传统文化很难适应把自由民变成农奴，很难接受建立在欧洲农奴制文化基础上的封建社会主义。所以邓小平选择走资本主义道路就获得了全国上下一致的支持。人们以为邓小平和共产党会走向中国传统的制度，或者更先进的西方现代的制度。邓小平骗取全国人民支持的口号就是现代化。
但是，邓小平确实走的是一条资本主义的道路，而且是早已被证明失败的早期纯粹资本主义的道路，也就是发展的目标是以资本积累为最终标准。压低本国货币的比值和劳动力价格，利用正常的国际市场价格获取超额利润，成为中共邓小平集团的基本国策。这个国策还被说成是硬道理，谁敢反对它就要请君入瓮，连总书记也不例外。
这个纯粹资本主义的国策不可能在民主的制度下实现。它的必要条件是镇压工人的反抗，和控制金融制造不合理的价格落差。这些在民主的条件下很难实现。所以说，共产党的纯粹资本主义才是全世界资本家的最爱，资本家们直到现在才发现：共产党比纳粹和封建君主们更适合资本主义，是资本家的天然盟友。所以共产党也必须发表他们的三个代表的理论，必须公开声明他们代表资本家的利益，否则他们就失去了他们的主要社会基础。除了资本家和一批大脑进了水的傻瓜，还有谁会支持一个剥削全国人民的政权呢？
但这个资本主义的道路，是早已在二百多年前就被证明是一条走不通的道路。民主的政治和社会主义的理论，也就是因为它是一条走不通的道路才被建立起来的。因为资本主义只照顾少数人的利益而不考虑大多数人的利益，使得一部分人富起来了，同时制造了大多数人的贫困。资本主义可以使经济发展的速度达到最高速，但贫富差距使得社会消费远远落后于生产能力的增长。生产和消费的不平衡正是造成经济危机和对外战争的现代原因，也是制造内部革命的现代原因。
为了在市场经济的条件下抑制资本主义的倾向，人们发明了在民主制度保障下的社会主义经济政策，以平衡由于市场规律必然带来的不平衡，保持生产和消费的平衡。这是近代人类避免经济危机、对外战争和内部革命的现代化的发明。中国要走可持续发展的道路，要使人民可以分享社会经济发展的成果，就不能让少数资本家把持政权，就必须走民主的道路。所谓的现代化，包括经济的、科技的等等各种现代化的前提，就是民主化。历史的经验几百年来都证明：没有民主的经济和科技的发展，带来的不是现代化的生活，而是贫富差距、市场短缺、革命或者对外战争。总之，带来的是人民的苦难而不是幸福的生活。
中共已经把这种苦难转嫁到西方民主社会来了。美国国会正在采取措施，通过法案来遏制这股逆流。咱们中国人为了自己的发展和幸福也应该做出自己的贡献，因为这也是咱们自己的事。
聆听魏京生先生的相关录音，请访问：
http://www.weijingsheng.org/RFA/RFA2010/WeiJS101001ChinaWayOut26CapitalistChina.mp3
（撰写并录音于2010年10月1日。自由亚洲电台播出。）
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