Wei Jingsheng Foundation News and Article: A1645-W1194

魏京生基金会新闻与文章发布号：A1645-W1194

Release Date: March 11, 2024

发布日：2024年3月11日

Topic: What Kind of Democracy Is More Suitable for China (Part 2) -- Wei Jingsheng

标题：什么样的民主更适合中国（之二） -- 魏京生

Original Language Version: Chinese (Chinese version at the end)

此号以中文为准（英文在前，中文在后）

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What Kind of Democracy Is More Suitable for China (Part 2)

-- Wei Jingsheng

Xi Jinping always likes to come up with some weird aphorisms. This may be a problem from when he was shouting slogans as a Secretary-General of the branch of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). His strange aphorism recently was “whole-process democracy.” Democracy is a social system and a system of rules. What does it have to do with the process? What does an incomplete process have to do with you, Xi Jinping? His confusing sentence only makes people confused.

Not only human society, even animals living in groups also have certain rules. Without rules, it is impossible to maintain the order of the group, etc., and it will be eliminated by nature. When the old monkey punishes the naughty little monkey, it was not for fun, but for the survival of the group. Since the beginning of human society, groups have become larger and larger, and rules have become more and more complex. It also needs coercive forces to maintain, thus the state and law were created.

A set of ideals that has been popular for two or three centuries now is that of public servants and service. But no country in practice is a service industry, and no one in power is a public servant. This set of ideals is often used by political careerists to deceive the people with sweet words and to cover up the ulterior machinations behind them.

Since the state and law are institutions used to enforce order, what do they maintain? Like the old monkey, it is to safeguard the guarantee of collective survival and the right of individual survival. There are two criteria here. If you endanger the guarantee of collective survival, you will be punished. If you endanger an individual's right to survival, you lose legitimacy and should be overturned. Therefore, order and human rights are the two most important basic principles, and the people should not have to obey some four basic principles by a certain force (of the CCP). The criterion for measuring the quality of a system is that it maintains good order while protecting human rights to the greatest extent.

The first basic principle in the design of a democratic system is to protect human rights, including people's property rights. This is used to measure whether the government that maintains order is legitimate. Plus, the government is overturned legally every few years to give the people a chance to make a new choice, thereby restricting the government to walking on the correct and legal path.

The most basic condition for a system today and in history to be considered a tyranny is to suppress and reduce human rights protections and even deprive people of their property in the name of collective security. The government, which was originally intended to safeguard the people's rights and security, uses one principle to cancel another principle, and mostly uses the power of the state to cancel the people's rights. During the two thousand years of tyranny in China, it was all based on this excuse. People have become numb to this.

Especially after the Chinese Communist Party came to power, it introduced an extremely authoritarian communist system from the West. They swept away the protection of human rights in traditional Chinese culture and implemented Soviet-style serfdom, depriving most people of their basic human rights. Therefore, when carrying out democratic reform or revolution in China, the first principle should be to establish the protection of individual rights and freedoms, including the protection of property rights.

The living environment of modern humans is no longer the age of fishing, hunting and gathering. The basic condition for people's survival is personal property. Various free options for human rights are based on property rights. Therefore, protecting personal freedom must include protecting personal property rights. The Chinese Communist Party also started by depriving people of their property rights when it deprived them of their freedom. Although their communist experiment failed and they began to reform and open up in the 1980s, the CCP never gave up depriving people of their property rights and refused to protect personal property, including farmers' land rights. This is their last ditch effort to maintain their autocratic rule.

In summary, based on the reality of the extreme autocratic regime created by the Chinese Communist Party, the democratic system that China will reform or create through revolution in the future must start by paying special attention to individual rights and property. Correct the trauma caused by the CCP to the Chinese society and people, establish concepts and habits of human rights protection, and implement this concept of human rights in legal practice. This is the democracy that is most suitable for modern China.

(This English version is translated by Ciping HUANG, without any compensation. Wei Jingsheng and the Wei Jingsheng Foundation appreciate her decades of contribution, especially for allowing the use and distribution of her translations of these commentaries.)

Original link of this commentary:

https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weijingsheng/wjs-03112024090511.html

To hear Mr. Wei Jingsheng's related commentary, please visit:

http://www.weijingsheng.org/RFA/RFA2024/WeiJS240310onDemocracyinChina2.mp3

Related screenshot of Wei Jingsheng’s commentary on RFA website:

http://www.weijingsheng.org/pic/newsletters/newsletters2024/newsletters2024-1/WeiJSonDemocracyinChinaB240311RFApage.jpg

(Written and recorded on March 10, 2024. Broadcasted by Radio Free Asia on March 11, 2024.)

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中文版

Wei Jingsheng Foundation News and Article: A1645-W1194

魏京生基金会新闻与文章发布号：A1645-W1194

Release Date: March 11, 2024

发布日：2024年3月11日

Topic: What Kind of Democracy Is More Suitable for China (Part 2) -- Wei Jingsheng

标题：什么样的民主更适合中国（之二） -- 魏京生

Original Language Version: Chinese (Chinese version at the end)

此号以中文为准（英文在前，中文在后）

如有中文乱码问题，请与我们联系或访问：

http://www.weijingsheng.org/report/report2024/report2024-3/WeiJS240311onDemocracyinChina2A1645-W1194.htm

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什么样的民主更适合中国（之二）

-- 魏京生

习近平总爱出些个奇葩警句，这可能是当党支部书记喊口号喊出的毛病。前些日子的奇葩警句是“全过程民主”。民主是一种社会制度，一种成体系的规矩，和过程有什么关系呢？不全的过程又和您老有什么关系呢？以其昏昏，使人昭昭。

不仅人类社会，就是群居的动物也有一定的规矩。没有规矩就无法维护群体的秩序等等，就会被自然界淘汰。老猴子惩罚调皮捣蛋的小猴子，不是为了好玩儿，而是群体生存的需要。人类从原始社会以来，群体越来越大，规矩也就越来越复杂。同样需要用强制力来维持，于是就产生了国家和法律。

两三个世纪以来流行的一套理想，就是公仆和服务论。可是没有一个实践中的国家是服务行业，也没有一个掌权者是什么公仆。这一套理想往往是被政治野心家们用来忽悠人民的甜言蜜语，用来掩盖他们背后的不可告人的阴谋诡计。

既然国家和法律是用来强制维护秩序的机构，那它维护的是什么呢？像老猴子一样，是维护集体生存的保障和个体生存的权利。这里存在两个标准。你危害了集体生存的保障就要受到惩罚。你危害了个体生存的权利就失去了合法性，应该被推翻。所以，秩序和人权是两个最主要的基本原则，没有必须服从某个势力的四项基本原则。衡量制度好坏的标准，就是在最大限度保障人权的前提下，维护了良好的秩序。

而民主制度的设计，第一个基本的原则就是保障人权，包括人们的财产权。以此来衡量那个维护秩序的政府是否合法。而且每隔几年合法地推翻一次，使人民有重新选择的机会，以此制约政府走在正确合法的道路上。

而历史上和今天存在的暴政之所以被认定为暴政，最基本的条件就是以集体安全的名义压制和减少人权保障，甚至剥夺人民的财产。本来是为了维护人民权利和安全的政府，用其一原则取消了另一个原则，而且基本上都是以国家的权力取消了人民的权利。中国两千多年来的暴政，都是在这个借口下产生的。人民已经对此产生了麻木。

特别是中国共产党执政以后，从西方引进了极端专制的共产主义体制。把中国传统文化中对人权的保障一扫而光，实行苏俄式的农奴制，剥夺了大多数人民的基本人权。所以在中国进行民主改革或者革命，首先一条的原则，就是建立对个人权利和自由的保障，包括对财产权的保障。

现代人类的生存环境，已经不是渔猎采集时代了。人们赖以生存的基本条件就是个人的财产。人权的各种自由选项，都建立在财产权的基础之上。所以保障个人自由必须包括保障个人财产权。中国共产党剥夺人们的自由，也是从剥夺人们的财产权开始的。虽然他们的共产主义实验失败了，从八十年代开始改革开放了，但却始终没有放弃剥夺人民的财产权，拒绝保障包括农民土地权利在内的个人财产。这是他们维护专制统治的最后挣扎。

综上所述，根据中国共产党创造的极端专制政体的现实，中国将来改革或者革命创造的民主体制，必须是从特别注重个人权利和财产开始。纠正共产党给中国社会和人民造成的创伤，树立人权保障的观念和习惯，并把这个人权观落实在法律实践中。这就是最适合现代中国的民主。

(本评论的英文版本由黄慈萍翻译。魏京生和魏京生基金会感谢她数十年来相关的无偿贡献，特别是使用和发布此译文的许可。)

评论的原始链接：

https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weijingsheng/wjs-03112024090511.html